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Seasoning blend . North India . added at the end

Garam Masala.

Not a curry powder. A finishing spice, toasted whole and added in the last five minutes.

Type
Finishing blend
Base
Coriander + cumin + warm spices
Ratio
2:1 coriander to cumin
Time
10 min
Yield
5 tbsp
Quick answer

To make garam masala, toast two tablespoons of coriander seed, one tablespoon of cumin seed, a teaspoon of green cardamom seeds, a teaspoon of black peppercorns, half a teaspoon of cloves, a two-inch piece of cinnamon, and a bay leaf in a dry pan until fragrant, cool completely, and grind fine. Stir it in during the last few minutes of cooking, not the first.

What it is

What is garam masala?

Garam masala means warming spice blend, and the warmth is the old medicinal sense, spices believed to heat the body, not chili heat. There is no single formula. Every region and household in North India keeps its own, but the recognizable spine is coriander and cumin carrying cardamom, black pepper, cinnamon, and clove, sometimes with nutmeg, mace, or bay in the chorus.

The defining fact is when it goes in. Garam masala is a finishing spice, stirred into a dal or curry in the last minutes, or dusted over the top off the heat, where its volatile aromatics survive to reach the table. Spices that simmer for an hour surrender those top notes. This is also why grinding it fresh from whole toasted spices matters more here than in almost any other blend, the aroma is the entire job.

The recipe

What goes in garam masala?

2 tbsp
Coriander seed
×
1 tbsp
Cumin seed
×
1 tsp
Cardamom seeds
×
1 tsp
Peppercorns + clove

Two parts coriander to one part cumin, with the loud spices, cardamom, pepper, clove, cinnamon, held to teaspoons. Clove and cinnamon are the ones that take over a blend, when in doubt, under-measure them and adjust the next batch.

Method

How do you make garam masala?

  1. Set a dry skillet over medium heat.
  2. Toast the coriander, cumin, cardamom, peppercorns, cloves, cinnamon, and bay, moving constantly, two to three minutes until deeply fragrant and a shade darker.
  3. Tip onto a plate immediately, they keep cooking in the hot pan.
  4. Cool completely, warm spices grind gummy.
  5. Grind fine in a spice grinder, stir in the nutmeg if using, and jar it sealed. Peak aroma lasts about six weeks, useful strength about three months.
Add it last The single most common garam masala mistake is treating it like curry powder and frying it at the start. Its aromatics are volatile, an hour of simmering erases them. Stir it in during the final five minutes and the blend you toasted actually shows up at the table.
Cook's notes

What should you know before making garam masala?

History

Where did garam masala come from?

Garam masala comes out of North Indian and Mughlai cooking, where warming spices were blended in the old humoral logic of heating the body. It was always a household formula rather than a fixed recipe, ground fresh in small quantities, and the printed versions are only snapshots of a tradition that varies by region, season, and family.

Derivatives

What can you make from garam masala?

Punjabi style
Heavier on cumin and black pepper, sturdier and more savory.
Kashmiri leaning
More cardamom and a little fennel, sweeter and more perfumed.
Chai-adjacent dessert pinch
Cardamom, cinnamon, and clove forward, over baked fruit and milk sweets.
FAQ

Common questions.

What is the difference between garam masala and curry powder?

Curry powder is a British-invented convenience blend built on turmeric, added early in cooking. Garam masala is an Indian finishing blend with no turmeric, built on warming aromatics and added at the end. They are not substitutes for each other.

When do you add garam masala?

In the last few minutes of cooking, or sprinkled over the finished dish. Early additions lose the aroma that is the entire point of the blend.

Can I make garam masala from pre-ground spices?

You can, mix ground coriander, cumin, cardamom, pepper, cinnamon, and clove in the same proportions, and it beats a stale jar. But toasting and grinding whole spices is where the blend earns its reputation, the difference is not subtle.

Kyle Schulgen Founder, Speakeater
Builder of Speakeater, the cooking app that reads your fridge. Writes the recipe reference pages by hand, anchored in public-domain culinary sources.
Last updated: 2026-05-29

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